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What is the share market? What Does It Do and How Does It Work with examples

  1. Basics of Stock Market
    1. Invest:3 benefits of investing for your future
    2. Types of Investment Diversification asset classes
    3. What is the share market? What Does It Do and How Does It Work with examples
    4. SEBI What is Securities and Exchange Board of India
    5. Stock Broker Financial Intermediaries or Market Intermediaries role in share market
    6. Depository and types of Depository Participants in India
    7. ICCL, NSE Clearing Limited and Bank’s role as Financial intermediary
    8. Angel Investors What are their roles with examples
    9. Venture Capitalist Who Are They and What Do They Do
    10. CAPEX Understanding Capital Expenditure with examples
    11. Private Equity Explained Understanding PE With Examples
    12. Initial Public Offering (IPO): What It Is and How It Works
    13. Launch IPO Why Do Companies Go Public
    14. IPO process how Initial Public Offering works in India
    15. What is IPO Key Terms Related to Initial Public Offering
    16. What is the share market?
    17. Share price understanding how does prices increase or decrease with examples
    18. Share trading: How Does It Work? with examples
    19. Types of traders in share market
    20. Market Index How Indexing Works, Types, and Examples in share market
    21. Share market indices importance and key terms
    22. Index construction methodology
    23. Share market terminology
    24. Share market terminology for beginners
    25. How to Trade Shares for Beginners
    26. Clearing and settlement process in the Indian Share market
    27. Stock selling learn What happens when you sell a stock
    28. Corporate actions in share market and impact on prices
    29. Bonus Issue of Shares Explained and How They Work
    30. Stock Split and Buyback of Shares What you need to know
    31. Monetary Policy by RBI Repo Rate, reverse repo rate, Cash reserve
    32. Inflation and IIP explained with examples
    33. Purchasing Managers Index, Budget, Corporate Earnings Announcement and Non-Financial events
    34. Stock market basics for beginners
    35. Offer for Sale and Follow-on Public Offer explained with examples
    36. Rights Issue and its relevance to shareholders explained with examples
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Marketopedia / Basics of Stock Market / What is the share market? What Does It Do and How Does It Work with examples

Investing in equities is necessary to gain returns that outperform inflation. Therefore, it is important to understand the workings of the share market and all of its associated parts. Just like how we go to local stores or supermarkets to purchase our items, we can go to the share market to make investments. Transactions in stocks involve buying or selling shares. The primary goal of the share market is to enable this process by connecting buyers and sellers.

Unlike a supermarket, the share market is not a physical place; it exists in electronic form. Transactions can be made there – buying or selling stocks – and to carry out such dealings you will need to enlist the services of a registered intermediary known as a stockbroker, which we’ll look at later on.

India has two main stock exchanges – the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). Other exchanges that existed at an earlier time are no longer functional. Thus, when discussing the Indian share markets, we generally mean either NSE or BSE. Many older exchanges like Bangalore Stock Exchange (BgSE), Madras Stock Exchange (MSE), Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE) have either merged with either BSE or NSE, or have simply closed.

  • Market Participants and the need to regulate them

There is a need to regulate individuals and entities who participated in the market to ensure fair and orderly functioning of financial markets. The market participant can be classified into various categories, which are as follows:  

  • Domestic retail participants are everyday people engaging in market transactions, just like us.
  • People of Indian origin who are based overseas are referred to as Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) or Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI).
  • Domestic Institutions- These are corporate entities in India.
  • Domestic Asset Management Companies (AMC)- Mutual fund firms such as SBI, HDFC, Edelweiss, and ICICI Pru are all domestic Asset Management Companies.
  • Foreign Institutional Investors- such as asset management companies, hedge funds, and other corporate entities, are non-Indian investors.

Irrespective of who participates in the market, each person’s goal in the market is to make money through successful transactions.

Money triggers strong reactions in people like desire and fear. Thus, it’s easy to succumb to dubious methods. Unfortunately, India is no exception when it comes to such practices. As a result, the Indian share markets need someone who can set specific rules (called regulation and compliance) and make sure that these are followed by all players, thus making the trading arena equal for everyone.

  • Regulator

The Regulator is a government body that oversees the industry. In India it is The Securities and Exchange Board of India. This body is responsible for ensuring that all businesses comply with the laws and regulations that apply to them. The Regulator has the authority to take action against any business if they violate any of these rules, ranging from issuing warnings to enforcing fines or taking more serious courses of action.

We will understand in detail about share market regulators in the upcoming chapters.

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